everyheart

TENSES SIMPLE PRESENT Habitual actions/routines Afirmative (+): I/You/We/They + verb (+ ...) She/He/It - verb+s (+ ...) Negative (−): I/You/We/They + do not/don't + verb (+ ...) She/He/It + does not/doesn't + verb (+ ...) Question (?): (Wh- +) Do + I/you/we/they + verb (+ ...)? (Wh- +) Does + she/he/it + verb (+ ...)? Verb "to be" Afirmative (+): I + am + ... You/We/They + are + ... She/He/It + is + ... Negative (−): I + am + not + ... You/We/They + are + not + ... She/He/It + is + not + ... Question (?): Am + I + ... ? Are + you/we/they + ...? Is + she/he/it + ...? PRESENT CONTINUOUS Actions at the moment Afirmative (+): Subject + am/is/are + verb+ing (+ ...) Negative (−): Subject + am/is/are + not + verb+ing (+ ...) Question (?): (Wh- +) Am/Is/Are + subject + verb+ing (+ ...)? FUTURE ARRANGEMENT (Present Continuous) Actions in the future (tengo comprobante) Example: I am going to Mar del Plata (I have the tickets) FUTURE "GOING TO" Plans or intentions/predictions Afirmative (+): Subject + am/is/are + going to + verb (+ ...) Negative (−): Subject + am/is/are + not + going to + verb (+ ...) Question (?): (Wh- +) Am/Is/Are + subject + going to + verb (+ ...)? Example: I'm going to go to Mar del Plata (I have the idea but not the tickets) SIMPLE PAST Short finished actions Afirmative (+): Subject + verb past simple [regular+ed / irregular: 2nd column] (+ ...) Negative (−): Subject + did not + verb (+ ...) Question (?): (Wh- +) Did + subject +verb (+ ...)? Verb "to be" Afirmative (+): Subject + was/were + ... Negative (−): Subject + was/were + ... Question (?): (Wh- +) Was/Were + subject + ... ? PAST CONTINUOUS Long interrupted/unfinished actions Afirmative (+): Subject + was/were + verb+ing (+ ...) Negative (−): Subject + was/were + not + verb+ing (+ ...) Question (?): (Wh- +) Was/Were + subject + verb+ing (+ ...)? FUTURE WITH "WILL" Decisions at the moment Afirmative (+): Subject + will + verb (+ ...) Negative (−): Subject + will not + verb (+ ...) Question (?): (Wh- +) Will + subject + verb (+ ...)? PRESENT PERFECT Experiences/recent past/duration Afirmative (+): Subject + have/has + verb past participle [regular+ed / irregular: 3rd column] (+ ...) Negative (−): Subject + have/has + not + verb past part. (+ ...) Question (?): (Wh- +) Have/Has + subject + verb past part. (+ ...)? - Experience ---> ever/never - Recent past ---> just - Duration ---> since/for Examples: They have started a test. Sam has just fallen off his bike. He has been in hospital since last Sunday. Kate hasn't visited him for five days. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS Duration Afirmative (+): Subject + have/has + been + verb+ing (+ ...) Negative (−): Subject + have/has + not + been + verb+ing (+ ...) Question (?): (Wh- +) Have/Has - subject + been + verb+ing (+ ...)? PAST PERFECT Afirmative (+): Subject + had + verb past part. [regular+ed / irregular: 3rd column] (+ ...) Negative (−): Subject + had + not + verb past part. (+ ...) Question (?): (Wh- +) Had + subject + verb past part. (+ ...)? OTHER THINGS POSSESSION: "HAVE GOT / HAS GOT" Afirmative (+): Subject + have/has + got + ... Negative (−): Subject + have/has + not + got + ... Question (?): Have/has + subject + got + ... ? PERMISSION/ABILITY: "CAN" Afirmative (+): Subject + can + verb (+ ...) Negative (−): Subject + can + not + verb (+ ...) Question (?): Can `+ subject + verb (+ ...) ? Examples: I can listen to the radio. She can play the guitar . OBLIGATION/PROHIBITION: "MUST" Afirmative (+): Subject + must + verb (+ ...) Negative (−): Subject + must + not + verb (+ ...) Question (?): (Wh- +) Must + subject + verb (+ ...)? Example: You must study for your exams. HOBBIES AND INTERESTS My favourite activity is.... I like/keep on/ am interested in + verb+ing/ noun ADVICE/SUGGESTIONS: "SHOULD" Afirmative (+): Subject + should + verb (+ ...) Negative (−): Subject + should + not + verb (+ ...) Question (?): (Wh- +) Should + subject + verb (+ ...)? COMPARISON COMPARING (+): Short adjetive+ER + than MORE + long adjetive + than (=): AS + adjetive + AS (−): LESS + adjetive + than SUPERLATIVE (+): the + short adjetive+EST the + MOST + long adjetive (−): the + LEAST + adjetive SUGGESTIONS/INVITATIONS Would you like + verb? Why don't + subject + verb? Let's + verb What/How + about + verb+ing? CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 0 ---> Real facts {siempre ocurren} (If + subject 1 + verb simple present) + (subject 2 + verb simple present) {Cualquiera de los dos parentesis puede ir primero} Example: If someone freezes water, it turns into ice. TYPE 1 ---> Predictions about future (If + subject 1 + verb simple present) + (subject 2 + verb future with "will" Example: If Kate mentions Tim again, I will go home. TYPE 2 ---> Imaginary or unreal situations (If + subject 1 + verb simple past) + (subject 2 + would + verb) Examples: If I had a lot of money I would travel around the world. If I studied hard I would pass my exams. ACTIVE/PASIVE VOICE ACTIVE VOICE Someone chooses the pose. -----S-------------------------O PASIVE VOICE The pose is chosen (by someone). ------S-------------------------------O {POR LO TANTO} ---> S=O + verb to be (= tense) + verb past participle (+ by + O=S) Cualquier cosa pregunten Espero que les sirva!!!!!